What do you mean by "Clinical Research"?

In Zoology stream what this Clinical reseaech mean? and what it's scope?

What do you mean by "Clinical Research"?
In medicine, a clinical trial (synonyms: clinical studies, research protocols, medical research) is a research study.


Types of clinical trials





The most commonly performed clinical trials evaluate new drugs, medical devices, biologics, or other interventions to patients in strictly scientifically controlled settings, and are required for regulatory authority (in the USA, the Food and Drug Administration) approval of new therapies. Trials may be designed to assess the safety and efficacy of an experimental therapy, to assess whether the new intervention is better than standard therapy, or to compare the efficacy of two standard or marketed interventions. The trial objectives and design are usually documented in a Clinical trial protocol.





To be ethical, they must involve the full and informed consent of participating human subjects. They are closely supervised by appropriate regulatory authorities. All interventional studies must be approved by an ethics committee (in the USA, this body is the Institutional Review Board) before permission is granted to run the trial.





The study design that provides the most compelling evidence of a causal relationship between the treatment and the effect, is the randomized controlled trial. Studies in epidemiology such as the cohort study and the case-control study are clinical studies in that they involve human participants, but provide less compelling evidence than the randomized controlled trial. The major difference between clinical trials and epidemiological studies is that, in clinical trials, the investigators manipulate the administration of a new intervention and measure the effect of that manipulation, whereas epidemiological studies only observe associations (correlations) between the treatments experienced by participants and their health status or diseases.
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